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Life Story: Malintzin (La Malinche) (ca. 1500-1529)

work she was made to do. She labored in the homes of those who enslaved her, cooking, cleaning, and performing any other domestic task she was assigned. She may have been forced to perform sex work. Malintzin was sold several times during the early

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Instructions for the New World

you with regard to the quality of the land. . . . Isabella acknowledges that the government needs Native people to be the labor force of the colony. She tells the governor that he can make work mandatory, but must pay Native people a fair wage. Also

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Fighting for Freedom in New Amsterdam

These three documents chronicle the efforts of enslaved woman Mayken van Angola to secure her freedom from the Dutch West India Company after thirty-four years of servitude.

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Women and the Code Noir

Excerpts from the French legal code governing enslaved people that deal specifically with enslaved women and reproduction.

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Diary of Úrsula de Jesús

Queen Isabella I’s instructions on the governance of Hispaniola in 1501 were the blueprint for the development of the Spanish colonies of the Americas.

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Life Story: Marie-Josèphe Angélique (ca. 1705-1734)

the domestic labor necessary to keep a prosperous household in working order, like cleaning, cooking, doing the laundry, and running errands. In 1731, Marie gave birth to a baby boy, who died only a month later. The next year she gave birth to twins

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French Colonies

and social privileges they would not have had in traditional French society. 2. The labor and collaboration of Native women was critical to the survival of New France. 3. The Catholic Church played a significant role in the colonization of the Native

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English Colonies

Virginia, Maryland, and the Carolinas, most of the white colonists were young poor people. They arrived as servants indentured to a small community of wealthy people who wanted cheap labor to grow tobacco on their plantations. They came hoping to work their

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