dedicated to doing good works for their members or to broader charitable activities. Nearly all had elaborate titles for their leaders (Maggie’s was Right Worthy Grand Secretary) and secret rituals that bound members together. Membership in these groups was
VIEW
in September 1911 in Laredo. The meeting included speeches, performances, and other events celebrating Mexican heritage and criticizing the poor treatment of Hispanics in Texas. Women were active participants in the convention. Jovita joined with
VIEW
-founded the Alpha Suffrage Club in Chicago in 1913, which became the largest Black women’s suffrage organization in Illinois. In addition to supporting women’s efforts to obtain the vote, the Alpha Suffrage Club taught women how to be politically active and
VIEW
the images of mothers at work by Lewis Hine.
Connect the activism of Margaret Sanger and her colleagues to the Supreme Court opinion in Muller v. Oregon, which stated that women’s reproductive rights were a matter of public health.
Margaret Sanger
VIEW
? What services were available? Who used them?
How would a strong family help people fight mistreatment?
Why would local organizations be important in Black communities?
Activism and Social Change. Black Experiences. Classroom Application
VIEW
endorse the NAACP at its founding in 1909 and helped found the Washington, D.C. branch. In 1940, she published her memoir, A Colored Woman in a White World.
Never one to be deterred, Mary remained politically active into her eighties. In 1946, she applied
VIEW
the life story of Jovita Idar, who fought tirelessly for the rights of the Spanish-speaking community in Texas.
WORK, LABOR, AND ECONOMY; ACTIVISM AND SOCIAL CHANGE
Source Notes Activism and Social Change. Classroom Application. Document. High
VIEW
August 3, 1919, by one of the writers; the two of them having given the longest period of active service of any of the colored women who went overseas.
The two authors served in France longer than any other Black woman. They provided a tremendous service
VIEW
rallied on both sides of the debate. But suffragists and anti-suffragists had more in common than they wished to admit. Most women actively involved in the fight were white, educated, and financially stable. Even the arguments they used were similar. Both
VIEW
examination of the “Woman’s Sphere” illustration from Life Magazine, which illustrates some of the evils middle-class Americans feared.
ACTIVISM AND SOCIAL CHANGE; AMERICAN IDENTITY AND CITIZENSHIP
Source Notes Activism and Social Change. American Identity
VIEW
