World, but the Spanish also wanted to profit from their new territories. Once the treasure of Native civilizations was looted, colonists turned to mining and plantation farming, and needed to find cheap labor to maximize their profits. In her early
VIEW
mortar and pestle for pounding grain was used in the process of threshing, or separating, grains of rice from the rice plant. Threshing was a very labor-intensive process. The mortar, or bottom piece, has a hollowed-out bowl where harvested rice hulls are
VIEW
arrived in the colony of Virginia, he went to work for John Tyos on a tiny tobacco plantation in Virginia. At first, Thomas continued to dress and do the work of a man, but at some point, he started to dress as a woman and take on traditional female labor
VIEW
servant in Maryland was hard. Indentured servants were at the mercy of their masters, the men and women who owned their labor contracts. Masters set work hours, assigned tasks, and determined how much food and rest a servant got. They were allowed to beat
VIEW
most women who went into labor while aboard a slave ship lost their lives. Mothers of young children had to struggle twice as hard to ensure not only their own survival but also that of their children, only to be separated at the slave markets when they
VIEW
cradleboard with the images of digging sticks and the Zuni pots for a lesson on the labor of women in North American Native communities.
DOMESTICITY AND FAMILY; WORK, LABOR, AND ECONOMY
For more resources relating to the history of slavery in New
VIEW
Digging Stick.
SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, AND MEDICINE; WORK, LABOR, AND ECONOMY
For more resources relating to the practice of coverture, see Saving Washington: The New Republic and Early Reformers.
For more resources relating to women in the English
VIEW
Business.
Combine this story with the images of digging sticks, Zuni pots, and the cradleboard for a lesson on the labor of women in Native communities.
Native people across North and South America had a variety of responses to the arrival of European
VIEW
introduced the idea of legal racial difference by making the labor of all black women, enslaved or free, a taxable commodity, while white wives, daughters, and servants of plantation owners did not count toward a plantation owner’s taxable people. This was
VIEW
perspective and layering techniques to create their own contemporary portrait of wealth and trade.
WORK, LABOR, AND ECONOMY
For more resources relating to Dutch trade, see the New World—New Netherland—New York curriculum guide.
For more resources
VIEW